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                <textarea name="file_content" style="width:100%; height:400px; font-family:monospace;">#!/usr/bin/perl

# Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
# Copyright (c) 2010, 2017, MariaDB Corporation
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
# of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Library General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
# Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
# MA 02110-1335  USA

use Getopt::Long;
use POSIX qw(strftime getcwd);
use File::Path qw(mkpath);

$|=1;
$VER=&quot;3.0&quot;;

my @defaults_options;   #  Leading --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.

$opt_example       = 0;
$opt_help          = 0;
$opt_log           = undef();
$opt_mysqladmin    = &quot;/usr/bin/mariadb-admin&quot;;
$opt_mysqld        = &quot;/usr/sbin/mariadbd&quot;;
$opt_no_log        = 0;
$opt_password      = undef();
$opt_tcp_ip        = 0;
$opt_user          = &quot;root&quot;;
$opt_version       = 0;
$opt_silent        = 0;
$opt_verbose       = 0;
$opt_wsrep_new_cluster = 0;

my $my_print_defaults_exists= 1;
my $logdir= undef();

my ($mysqld, $mysqladmin, $groupids, $homedir, $my_progname);

$homedir = $ENV{HOME};
$my_progname = $0;
$my_progname =~ s/.*[\/]//;


if (defined($ENV{UMASK})) {
  my $UMASK = $ENV{UMASK};
  my $m;
  my $fmode = &quot;0640&quot;;

  if(($UMASK =~ m/[^0246]/) || ($UMASK =~ m/^[^0]/) || (length($UMASK) != 4)) {
    printf(&quot;UMASK must be a 3-digit mode with an additional leading 0 to indicate octal.\n&quot;);
    printf(&quot;The first digit will be corrected to 6, the others may be 0, 2, 4, or 6.\n&quot;); }
  else {
    $fmode= substr $UMASK, 2, 2;
    $fmode= &quot;06${fmode}&quot;; }

  if($fmode != $UMASK) {
    printf(&quot;UMASK corrected from $UMASK to $fmode ...\n&quot;); }

  $fmode= oct($fmode);

  umask($fmode);
}


main();

####
#### main sub routine
####

sub main
{
  my $flag_exit= 0;

  if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
  {
    # We can&#039;t throw out yet, since --version, --help, or --example may
    # have been given
    print &quot;WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.\n&quot;;
    print &quot;Please make sure you have this command available and\n&quot;;
    print &quot;in your path. The command is available from the latest\n&quot;;
    print &quot;MariaDB distribution.\n&quot;;
    $my_print_defaults_exists= 0;
  }

  # Remove leading defaults options from @ARGV
  while (@ARGV &gt; 0)
  {
    last unless $ARGV[0] =~
      /^--(?:no-defaults$|(?:defaults-file|defaults-extra-file)=)/;
    push @defaults_options, (shift @ARGV);
  }

  foreach (@defaults_options)
  {
    $_ = quote_shell_word($_);
  }

  # Add [mysqld_multi] options to front of @ARGV, ready for GetOptions()
  unshift @ARGV, defaults_for_group(&#039;mysqld_multi&#039;);

  # We&#039;ve already handled --no-defaults, --defaults-file, etc.
  if (!GetOptions(&quot;help&quot;, &quot;example&quot;, &quot;version&quot;, &quot;mysqld=s&quot;, &quot;mysqladmin=s&quot;,
                  &quot;user=s&quot;, &quot;password=s&quot;, &quot;log=s&quot;, &quot;no-log&quot;,
                  &quot;tcp-ip&quot;,  &quot;silent&quot;, &quot;verbose&quot;, &quot;wsrep-new-cluster&quot;))
  {
    $flag_exit= 1;
  }
  usage() if ($opt_help);

  if ($opt_verbose &amp;&amp; $opt_silent)
  {
    print &quot;Both --verbose and --silent have been given. Some of the warnings &quot;;
    print &quot;will be disabled\nand some will be enabled.\n\n&quot;;
  }

  init_log() if (!defined($opt_log));
  $groupids = $ARGV[1];
  if ($opt_version)
  {
    print &quot;$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen\n&quot;;
    exit(0);
  }
  example() if ($opt_example);
  if ($flag_exit)
  {
    print &quot;Error with an option, see $my_progname --help for more info.\n&quot;;
    exit(1);
  }
  if (!defined(my_which(my_print_defaults)))
  {
    print &quot;ABORT: Can&#039;t find command &#039;my_print_defaults&#039;.\n&quot;;
    print &quot;This command is available from the latest MariaDB\n&quot;;
    print &quot;distribution. Please make sure you have the command\n&quot;;
    print &quot;in your PATH.\n&quot;;
    exit(1);
  }
  usage() if (!defined($ARGV[0]) ||
	      (!($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) &amp;&amp;
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^stop$/i) &amp;&amp;
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) &amp;&amp;
	       !($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)));

  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;$my_progname log file version $VER; run: &quot;,
	  &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 1, 0);
  }
  else
  {
    print &quot;$my_progname log file version $VER; run: &quot;;
    print strftime &quot;%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;, localtime;
    print &quot;\n&quot;;
  }
  if (($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) || ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i))
  {
    if (!defined(($mysqld= my_which($opt_mysqld))) &amp;&amp; $opt_verbose)
    {
      print &quot;WARNING: Couldn&#039;t find the default mysqld binary.\n&quot;;
      print &quot;Tried: $opt_mysqld\n&quot;;
      print &quot;This is OK, if you are using option \&quot;mysqld=...\&quot; in &quot;;
      print &quot;groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n&quot;;
    }
    if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^start$/i) {
      start_mysqlds();
    } elsif ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^reload$/i) {
      reload_mysqlds();
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (!defined(($mysqladmin= my_which($opt_mysqladmin))) &amp;&amp; $opt_verbose)
    {
      print &quot;WARNING: Couldn&#039;t find the default mysqladmin binary.\n&quot;;
      print &quot;Tried: $opt_mysqladmin\n&quot;;
      print &quot;This is OK, if you are using option \&quot;mysqladmin=...\&quot; in &quot;;
      print &quot;groups [mysqldN] separately for each.\n\n&quot;;
    }
    if ($ARGV[0] =~ m/^report$/i)
    {
      report_mysqlds();
    }
    else
    {
      stop_mysqlds();
    }
  }
}

#
# Quote word for shell
#

sub quote_shell_word
{
  my ($option)= @_;

  $option =~ s!([^\w=./-])!\\$1!g;
  return $option;
}

####
#### get options for a group
####

sub defaults_for_group
{
  my ($group) = @_;

  return () unless $my_print_defaults_exists;

  my $com= join &#039; &#039;, &#039;my_print_defaults&#039;, @defaults_options, $group;
  my @defaults = `$com`;
  chomp @defaults;
  return @defaults;
}

####
#### Init log file. Check for appropriate place for log file, in the following
#### order:  my_print_defaults mysqld datadir, /var/lib/mysql
####

sub init_log
{
  foreach my $opt (defaults_for_group(&#039;--mysqld&#039;))
  {
    if ($opt =~ m/^--datadir=(.*)/ &amp;&amp; -d &quot;$1&quot; &amp;&amp; -w &quot;$1&quot;)
    {
      $logdir= $1;
    }
  }
  if (!defined($logdir))
  {
    $logdir= &quot;/var/lib/mysql&quot; if (-d &quot;/var/lib/mysql&quot; &amp;&amp; -w &quot;/var/lib/mysql&quot;);
  }
  if (!defined($logdir))
  {
    # Log file was not specified and we could not log to a standard place,
    # so log file be disabled for now.
    if (!$opt_silent)
    {
      print &quot;WARNING: Log file disabled. Maybe directory or file isn&#039;t writable?\n&quot;;
    }
    $opt_no_log= 1;
  }
  else
  {
    $opt_log= &quot;$logdir/mysqld_multi.log&quot;;
  }
}

####
#### Report living and not running MariaDB servers
####

sub report_mysqlds
{
  my (@groups, $com, $i, @options, $pec);

  print &quot;Reporting MariaDB servers\n&quot;;
  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;\nReporting MariaDB servers&quot;,&quot;$opt_log&quot;,0,0);
  }
  @groups = &amp;find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
    $com.= &quot; ping &gt;&gt; /dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1&quot;;
    system($com);
    $pec = $? &gt;&gt; 8;
    if ($pec)
    {
      print &quot;MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is not running\n&quot;;
      if (!$opt_no_log)
      {
	w2log(&quot;MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is not running&quot;,
	      &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      print &quot;MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is running\n&quot;;
      if (!$opt_no_log)
      {
	w2log(&quot;MariaDB server from group: $groups[$i] is running&quot;,
	      &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }
  if (!$i)
  {
    print &quot;No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)\n&quot;;
    if (!$opt_no_log)
    {
      w2log(&quot;No groups to be reported (check your GNRs)&quot;, &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
    }
  }
}

####
#### start multiple servers
####

sub start_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j, $mysqld_found, $suffix_found, $info_sent);

  $suffix_found= 0;

  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;\nStarting MariaDB servers\n&quot;,&quot;$opt_log&quot;,0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print &quot;\nStarting MariaDB servers\n&quot;;
  }
  @groups = &amp;find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    @options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

    $basedir_found= 0; # The default
    $mysqld_found= 1; # The default
    $mysqld_found= 0 if (!length($mysqld));
    $com= &quot;$mysqld&quot;;

    for ($j = 0, $tmp= &quot;&quot;; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
    {
      if (&quot;--datadir=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10)) {
        $datadir = $options[$j];
        $datadir =~ s/\-\-datadir\=//;
        eval { mkpath($datadir) };
        if ($@) {
          print &quot;FATAL ERROR: Cannot create data directory $datadir: $!\n&quot;;
          exit(1);
        }
        if (! -d $datadir.&quot;/mysql&quot;) {
          if (-w $datadir) {
            print &quot;\n\nInstalling new database in $datadir\n\n&quot;;
            $install_cmd=&quot;/usr/bin/mysql_install_db &quot;;
            $install_cmd.=&quot;--user=mysql &quot;;
            $install_cmd.=&quot;--datadir=$datadir&quot;;
            system($install_cmd);
          } else {
            print &quot;\n&quot;;
            print &quot;FATAL ERROR: Tried to create mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n&quot;;
            print &quot;but the data directory is not writable.\n&quot;;
            print &quot;data directory used: $datadir\n&quot;;
            exit(1);
          }
        }

        if (! -d $datadir.&quot;/mysql&quot;) {
          print &quot;\n&quot;;
          print &quot;FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]],\n&quot;;
          print &quot;but no data directory was found or could be created.\n&quot;;
          print &quot;data directory used: $datadir\n&quot;;
          exit(1);
        }
      }

      if (&quot;--mysqladmin=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
      {
	# catch this and ignore
      }
      elsif (&quot;--mysqld=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
      {
	$options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
	$com= $options[$j];
        $mysqld_found= 1;
      }
      elsif (&quot;--basedir=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 10))
      {
        $basedir= $options[$j];
        $basedir =~ s/^--basedir=//;
        $basedir_found= 1;
        $options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
        $tmp.= &quot; $options[$j]&quot;;
      }
      elsif (&quot;--defaults-group-suffix=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 24))
      {
        $suffix_found= 1;
      }
      else
      {
	$options[$j]= quote_shell_word($options[$j]);
	$tmp.= &quot; $options[$j]&quot;;
      }
    }
    if ($opt_verbose &amp;&amp; $com =~ m/\/(mariadbd-safe)$/ &amp;&amp; !$info_sent)
    {
      print &quot;WARNING: $1 is being used to start mariadbd. In this case you &quot;;
      print &quot;may need to pass\n\&quot;ledir=...\&quot; under groups [mysqldN] to &quot;;
      print &quot;$1 in order to find the actual mysqld binary.\n&quot;;
      print &quot;ledir (library executable directory) should be the path to the &quot;;
      print &quot;wanted mysqld binary.\n\n&quot;;
      $info_sent= 1;
    }

    if (!$suffix_found)
    {
      $com.= &quot; --defaults-group-suffix=&quot;;
      $com.= substr($groups[$i],6);
    }

    $com.= $tmp;

    if ($opt_wsrep_new_cluster) {
      $com.= &quot; --wsrep-new-cluster&quot;;
    }

    $com.= &quot; &gt;&gt; $opt_log 2&gt;&amp;1&quot; if (!$opt_no_log);
    $com.= &quot; &amp;&quot;;
    if (!$mysqld_found)
    {
      print &quot;\n&quot;;
      print &quot;FATAL ERROR: Tried to start mysqld under group [$groups[$i]], &quot;;
      print &quot;but no mysqld binary was found.\n&quot;;
      print &quot;Please add \&quot;mysqld=...\&quot; in group [mysqld_multi], or add it to &quot;;
      print &quot;group [$groups[$i]] separately.\n&quot;;
      exit(1);
    }
    if ($basedir_found)
    {
      $curdir=getcwd();
      chdir($basedir) or die &quot;Can&#039;t change to datadir $basedir&quot;;
    }
    system($com);
    if ($basedir_found)
    {
      chdir($curdir) or die &quot;Can&#039;t change back to original dir $curdir&quot;;
    }
  }
  if (!$i &amp;&amp; !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;No MariaDB servers to be started (check your GNRs)&quot;,
	  &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
  }
}

####
#### reload multiple servers
####

sub reload_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $tmp, $i, @options, $j);

  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;\nReloading MySQL servers\n&quot;,&quot;$opt_log&quot;,0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print &quot;\nReloading MySQL servers\n&quot;;
  }
  @groups = &amp;find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $mysqld_server = $mysqld;
    @options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

    for ($j = 0, $tmp= &quot;&quot;; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
    {
      if (&quot;--mysqladmin=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
      {
        # catch this and ignore
      }
      elsif (&quot;--mysqld=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 9))
      {
        $options[$j] =~ s/\-\-mysqld\=//;
        $mysqld_server = $options[$j];
      }
      elsif (&quot;--pid-file=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 11))
      {
        $options[$j] =~ s/\-\-pid-file\=//;
        $pid_file = $options[$j];
      }
    }
    $com = &quot;killproc -p $pid_file -HUP $mysqld_server&quot;;
    system($com);

    $com = &quot;touch $pid_file&quot;;
    system($com);
  }
  if (!$i &amp;&amp; !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;No MySQL servers to be reloaded (check your GNRs)&quot;,
         &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
  }
}

###
#### stop multiple servers
####

sub stop_mysqlds()
{
  my (@groups, $com, $i, @options);

  if (!$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;\nStopping MariaDB servers\n&quot;,&quot;$opt_log&quot;,0,0);
  }
  else
  {
    print &quot;\nStopping MariaDB servers\n&quot;;
  }
  @groups = &amp;find_groups($groupids);
  for ($i = 0; defined($groups[$i]); $i++)
  {
    $com= get_mysqladmin_options($i, @groups);
    $com.= &quot; shutdown&quot;;
    $com.= &quot; &gt;&gt; $opt_log 2&gt;&amp;1&quot; if (!$opt_no_log);
    $com.= &quot; &amp;&quot;;
    system($com);
  }
  if (!$i &amp;&amp; !$opt_no_log)
  {
    w2log(&quot;No MariaDB servers to be stopped (check your GNRs)&quot;,
	  &quot;$opt_log&quot;, 0, 0);
  }
}

####
#### Sub function for mysqladmin option parsing
####

sub get_mysqladmin_options
{
  my ($i, @groups)= @_;
  my ($mysqladmin_found, $com, $tmp, $j);

  @options = defaults_for_group($groups[$i]);

  $mysqladmin_found= 1; # The default
  $mysqladmin_found= 0 if (!length($mysqladmin));
  $com = &quot;$mysqladmin&quot;;
  $tmp = &quot; -u $opt_user&quot;;
  if (defined($opt_password)) {
    my $pw= $opt_password;
    # Protect single quotes in password
    $pw =~ s/&#039;/&#039;&quot;&#039;&quot;&#039;/g;
    $tmp.= &quot; -p&#039;$pw&#039;&quot;;
  }
  $tmp.= $opt_tcp_ip ? &quot; -h 127.0.0.1&quot; : &quot;&quot;;
  for ($j = 0; defined($options[$j]); $j++)
  {
    if (&quot;--mysqladmin=&quot; eq substr($options[$j], 0, 13))
    {
      $options[$j]=~ s/\-\-mysqladmin\=//;
      $com= $options[$j];
      $mysqladmin_found= 1;
    }
    elsif ((($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-socket\=)(.*)$/) &amp;&amp; !$opt_tcp_ip) ||
	   ($options[$j] =~ m/^(\-\-port\=)(.*)$/))
    {
      $tmp.= &quot; $options[$j]&quot;;
    }
  }
  if (!$mysqladmin_found)
  {
    print &quot;\n&quot;;
    print &quot;FATAL ERROR: Tried to use mysqladmin in group [$groups[$i]], &quot;;
    print &quot;but no mysqladmin binary was found.\n&quot;;
    print &quot;Please add \&quot;mysqladmin=...\&quot; in group [mysqld_multi], or &quot;;
    print &quot;in group [$groups[$i]].\n&quot;;
    exit(1);
  }
  $com.= $tmp;
  return $com;
}

# Return a list of option files which can be opened.  Similar, but not
# identical, to behavior of my_search_option_files()
# TODO implement and use my_print_defaults --list-groups instead
sub list_defaults_files
{
  my %opt;
  foreach (@defaults_options)
  {
    return () if /^--no-defaults$/;
    $opt{$1} = $2 if /^--defaults-(extra-file|file)=(.*)$/;
  }

  return ($opt{file}) if exists $opt{file};

  my @dirs;

  # same rule as in mysys/my_default.c
  if (&#039;/etc&#039;) {
    push @dirs, &#039;/etc/my.cnf&#039;;
  } else {
    push @dirs, &#039;/etc/my.cnf&#039;, &#039;/etc/mysql/my.cnf&#039;;
  }
  push @dirs, &quot;$ENV{MYSQL_HOME}/my.cnf&quot; if $ENV{MYSQL_HOME};
  push @dirs, $opt{&#039;extra-file&#039;} if $opt{&#039;extra-file&#039;};
  push @dirs, &quot;$ENV{HOME}/.my.cnf&quot; if $ENV{HOME};

  return @dirs;
}


# Takes a specification of GNRs (see --help), and returns a list of matching
# groups which actually are mentioned in a relevant config file
sub find_groups
{
  my ($raw_gids) = @_;

  my %gids;
  my @groups;

  if (defined($raw_gids))
  {
    # Make a hash of the wanted group ids
    foreach my $raw_gid (split &#039;,&#039;, $raw_gids)
    {
      # Match 123 or 123-456
      my ($start, $end) = ($raw_gid =~ /^\s*(\d+)(?:\s*-\s*(\d+))?\s*$/);
      $end = $start if not defined $end;
      if (not defined $start or $end &lt; $start or $start &lt; 0)
      {
        print &quot;ABORT: Bad GNR: $raw_gid; see $my_progname --help\n&quot;;
        exit(1);
      }

      foreach my $i ($start .. $end)
      {
        # Use $i + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -&gt; 2)
        $gids{$i + 0}= 1;
      }
    }
  }

  my %seen;
  my @defaults_files = list_defaults_files();
  while (@defaults_files)
  {
    my $file = shift @defaults_files;
    next unless defined $file and not $seen{$file}++ and open CONF, &#039;&lt;&#039;, $file;

    while (&lt;CONF&gt;)
    {
      if (/^\s*\[\s*(mysqld)(\d+)\s*\]\s*$/)
      {
        #warn &quot;Found a group: $1$2\n&quot;;
        # Use $2 + 0 to normalize numbers (002 + 0 -&gt; 2)
        if (not defined($raw_gids) or $gids{$2 + 0})
        {
          push @groups, &quot;$1$2&quot;;
        }
      }
      elsif (/^\s*!include\s+(\S.*?)\s*$/)
      {
        push @defaults_files, $1;
      }
      elsif (/^\s*!includedir\s+(\S.*?)\s*$/)
      {
        push @defaults_files, &lt;$1/*.cnf&gt;;
      }
    }

    close CONF;
  }
  return @groups;
}

####
#### w2log: Write to a logfile.
#### 1.arg: append to the log file (given string, or from a file. if a file,
####        file will be read from $opt_logdir)
#### 2.arg: logfile -name (w2log assumes that the logfile is in $opt_logdir).
#### 3.arg. 0 | 1, if true, print current date to the logfile. 3. arg will
####        be ignored, if 1. arg is a file.
#### 4.arg. 0 | 1, if true, first argument is a file, else a string
####

sub w2log
{
  my ($msg, $file, $date_flag, $is_file)= @_;
  my (@data);

  open (LOGFILE, &quot;&gt;&gt;$opt_log&quot;)
    or die &quot;FATAL: w2log: Couldn&#039;t open log file: $opt_log\n&quot;;

  if ($is_file)
  {
    open (FROMFILE, &quot;&lt;$msg&quot;) &amp;&amp; (@data=&lt;FROMFILE&gt;) &amp;&amp;
      close(FROMFILE)
	or die &quot;FATAL: w2log: Couldn&#039;t open file: $msg\n&quot;;
    foreach my $line (@data)
    {
      print LOGFILE &quot;$line&quot;;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    print LOGFILE &quot;$msg&quot;;
    print LOGFILE strftime &quot;%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;, localtime if ($date_flag);
    print LOGFILE &quot;\n&quot;;
  }
  close (LOGFILE);
  return;
}

####
#### my_which is used, because we can&#039;t assume that every system has the
#### which -command. my_which can take only one argument at a time.
#### Return values: requested system command with the first found path,
#### or undefined, if not found.
####

sub my_which
{
  my ($command) = @_;
  my (@paths, $path);

 # If the argument is not &#039;my_print_defaults&#039; then it would be of the format
 # &lt;absolute_path&gt;/&lt;program&gt;
 return $command if ($command ne &#039;my_print_defaults&#039; &amp;&amp; -f $command &amp;&amp;
                     -x $command);

  @paths = split(&#039;:&#039;, $ENV{&#039;PATH&#039;});
  foreach $path (@paths)
  {
    $path .= &quot;/$command&quot;;
    return $path if (-f $path &amp;&amp; -x $path);
  }
  return undef();
}


####
#### example
####

sub example
{
  print &lt;&lt;EOF;
# This is an example of a my.cnf file for $my_progname.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
#
# SOME IMPORTANT NOTES FOLLOW:
#
# 1.COMMON USER
#
#   Make sure that the MariaDB user, who is stopping the mysqld services, has
#   the same password to all MariaDB servers being accessed by $my_progname.
#   This user needs to have the &#039;Shutdown_priv&#039; -privilege, but for security
#   reasons should have no other privileges. It is advised that you create a
#   common &#039;multi_admin&#039; user for all MariaDB servers being controlled by
#   $my_progname. Here is an example how to do it:
#
#   GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO multi_admin\@localhost IDENTIFIED BY &#039;password&#039;
#
#   You will need to apply the above to all MariaDB servers that are being
#   controlled by $my_progname. &#039;multi_admin&#039; will shutdown the servers
#   using &#039;mysqladmin&#039; -binary, when &#039;$my_progname stop&#039; is being called.
#
# 2.PID-FILE
#
#   If you are using mariadbd-safe to start mariadbd, make sure that every
#   MariaDB server has a separate pid-file. In order to use mariadbd-safe
#   via $my_progname, you need to use two options:
#
#   mysqld=/path/to/mariadbd-safe
#   ledir=/path/to/mariadbd-binary/
#
#   ledir (library executable directory), is an option that only mariadbd-safe
#   accepts, so you will get an error if you try to pass it to mysqld directly.
#   For this reason you might want to use the above options within [mysqld#]
#   group directly.
#
# 3.DATA DIRECTORY
#
#   It is NOT advised to run many MariaDB servers within the same data directory.
#   You can do so, but please make sure to understand and deal with the
#   underlying caveats. In short they are:
#   - Speed penalty
#   - Risk of table/data corruption
#   - Data synchronising problems between the running servers
#   - Heavily media (disk) bound
#   - Relies on the system (external) file locking
#   - Is not applicable with all table types. (Such as InnoDB)
#     Trying so will end up with undesirable results.
#
# 4.TCP/IP Port
#
#   Every server requires one and it must be unique.
#
# 5.[mysqld#] Groups
#
#   In the example below the first and the fifth mysqld group was
#   intentionally left out. You may have &#039;gaps&#039; in the config file. This
#   gives you more flexibility.
#
# 6.MariaDB Server User
#
#   You can pass the user=... option inside [mysqld#] groups. This
#   can be very handy in some cases, but then you need to run $my_progname
#   as UNIX root.
#
# 7.A Start-up Manage Script for $my_progname
#
#   In the recent MariaDB distributions you can find a file called
#   mysqld_multi.server.sh. It is a wrapper for $my_progname. This can
#   be used to start and stop multiple servers during boot and shutdown.
#
#   You can place the file in /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server.sh and
#   make the needed symbolic links to it from various run levels
#   (as per Linux/Unix standard). You may even replace the
#   /etc/init.d/mysql.server script with it.
#
#   Before using, you must create a my.cnf file either in /usr/my.cnf
#   or /root/.my.cnf and add the [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#] groups.
#
#   The script can be found from support-files/mysqld_multi.server.sh
#   in MariaDB distribution. (Verify the script before using)
#

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /usr/bin/mariadbd-safe
mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mariadb-admin
user       = multi_admin
password   = my_password

[mysqld2]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port       = 3307
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql2/hostname.pid2
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql2
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/english
user       = unix_user1

[mysqld3]
mysqld     = /path/to/mariadbd-safe
ledir      = /path/to/mariadbd-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mariadb-admin
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port       = 3308
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql3/hostname.pid3
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql3
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/swedish
user       = unix_user2

[mysqld4]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port       = 3309
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql4/hostname.pid4
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql4
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/estonia
user       = unix_user3
 
[mysqld6]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port       = 3311
pid-file   = /var/lib/mysql6/hostname.pid6
datadir    = /var/lib/mysql6
language   = /usr/share/mysql/mysql/japanese
user       = unix_user4
EOF
  exit(0);
}

####
#### usage
####

sub usage
{
  print &lt;&lt;EOF;
$my_progname version $VER by Jani Tolonen

Description:
$my_progname can be used to start, reload, or stop any number of separate
mysqld processes running in different TCP/IP ports and UNIX sockets.

$my_progname can read group [mysqld_multi] from my.cnf file. You may
want to put options mysqld=... and mysqladmin=... there.  Since
version 2.10 these options can also be given under groups [mysqld#],
which gives more control over different versions.  One can have the
default mysqld and mysqladmin under group [mysqld_multi], but this is
not mandatory. Please note that if mysqld or mysqladmin is missing
from both [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#], a group that is tried to be
used, $my_progname will abort with an error.

$my_progname will search for groups named [mysqld#] from my.cnf (or
the given --defaults-extra-file=...), where &#039;#&#039; can be any positive 
integer starting from 1. These groups should be the same as the regular
[mysqld] group, but with those port, socket and any other options
that are to be used with each separate mysqld process. The number
in the group name has another function; it can be used for starting,
reloading, stopping, or reporting any specific mysqld server.

Usage: $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...]
or     $my_progname [OPTIONS] {start|reload|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]

The GNR means the group number. You can start, reload, stop or report any GNR,
or several of them at the same time. (See --example) The GNRs list can
be comma separated or a dash combined. The latter means that all the
GNRs between GNR1-GNR2 will be affected. Without GNR argument all the
groups found will either be started, reloaded, stopped, or reported. Note that
syntax for specifying GNRs must appear without spaces.

Options:

These options must be given before any others:
--no-defaults      Do not read any defaults file
--defaults-file=...  Read only this configuration file, do not read the
                   standard system-wide and user-specific files
--defaults-extra-file=...  Read this configuration file in addition to the
                   standard system-wide and user-specific files
Using:  @{[join &#039; &#039;, @defaults_options]}

--example          Give an example of a config file with extra information.
--help             Print this help and exit.
--log=...          Log file. Full path to and the name for the log file. NOTE:
                   If the file exists, everything will be appended.
                   Using: $opt_log
--mysqladmin=...   mysqladmin binary to be used for a server shutdown.
                   Since version 2.10 this can be given within groups [mysqld#]
                   Using: $mysqladmin
--mysqld=...       mariadbd binary to be used. Note that you can give mariadbd-safe
                   to this option also. The options are passed to mysqld. Just
                   make sure you have mariadbd in your PATH or fix mariadbd-safe.
                   Using: $mysqld
                   Please note: Since mysqld_multi version 2.3 you can also
                   give this option inside groups [mysqld#] in ~/.my.cnf,
                   where &#039;#&#039; stands for an integer (number) of the group in
                   question. This will be recognised as a special option and
                   will not be passed to the mysqld. This will allow one to
                   start different mysqld versions with mysqld_multi.
--no-log           Print to stdout instead of the log file. By default the log
                   file is turned on.
--password=...     Password for mysqladmin user.
--silent           Disable warnings.
--tcp-ip           Connect to the MariaDB server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead
                   of the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting.
                   If a socket file is missing, the server may still be
                   running, but can be accessed only via the TCP/IP port.
                   By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket.
--user=...         mysqladmin user. Using: $opt_user
--verbose          Be more verbose.
--version          Print the version number and exit.
--wsrep-new-cluster  Bootstrap a cluster.
EOF
  exit(0);
}
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