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                <input type="hidden" name="edit_file" value="/usr/lib64/python3.12/trace.py">
                <textarea name="file_content" style="width:100%; height:400px; font-family:monospace;">#! /usr/bin/python3.12

# portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
# err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
# Python 2.2 license.
# Author: Zooko O&#039;Whielacronx
# http://zooko.com/
# mailto:zooko@zooko.com
#
# Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
# Author: Skip Montanaro
#
# Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
# Author: Andrew Dalke
#
# Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
# Author: Skip Montanaro
#
# Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.
#
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
# its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
# and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
# supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
# Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
# distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
#
&quot;&quot;&quot;program/module to trace Python program or function execution

Sample use, command line:
  trace.py -c -f counts --ignore-dir &#039;$prefix&#039; spam.py eggs
  trace.py -t --ignore-dir &#039;$prefix&#039; spam.py eggs
  trace.py --trackcalls spam.py eggs

Sample use, programmatically
  import sys

  # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to
  # do tracing or line-counting or both.
  tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix,],
                       trace=0, count=1)
  # run the new command using the given tracer
  tracer.run(&#039;main()&#039;)
  # make a report, placing output in /tmp
  r = tracer.results()
  r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir=&quot;/tmp&quot;)
&quot;&quot;&quot;
__all__ = [&#039;Trace&#039;, &#039;CoverageResults&#039;]

import io
import linecache
import os
import sys
import sysconfig
import token
import tokenize
import inspect
import gc
import dis
import pickle
from time import monotonic as _time

import threading

PRAGMA_NOCOVER = &quot;#pragma NO COVER&quot;

class _Ignore:
    def __init__(self, modules=None, dirs=None):
        self._mods = set() if not modules else set(modules)
        self._dirs = [] if not dirs else [os.path.normpath(d)
                                          for d in dirs]
        self._ignore = { &#039;&lt;string&gt;&#039;: 1 }

    def names(self, filename, modulename):
        if modulename in self._ignore:
            return self._ignore[modulename]

        # haven&#039;t seen this one before, so see if the module name is
        # on the ignore list.
        if modulename in self._mods:  # Identical names, so ignore
            self._ignore[modulename] = 1
            return 1

        # check if the module is a proper submodule of something on
        # the ignore list
        for mod in self._mods:
            # Need to take some care since ignoring
            # &quot;cmp&quot; mustn&#039;t mean ignoring &quot;cmpcache&quot; but ignoring
            # &quot;Spam&quot; must also mean ignoring &quot;Spam.Eggs&quot;.
            if modulename.startswith(mod + &#039;.&#039;):
                self._ignore[modulename] = 1
                return 1

        # Now check that filename isn&#039;t in one of the directories
        if filename is None:
            # must be a built-in, so we must ignore
            self._ignore[modulename] = 1
            return 1

        # Ignore a file when it contains one of the ignorable paths
        for d in self._dirs:
            # The &#039;+ os.sep&#039; is to ensure that d is a parent directory,
            # as compared to cases like:
            #  d = &quot;/usr/local&quot;
            #  filename = &quot;/usr/local.py&quot;
            # or
            #  d = &quot;/usr/local.py&quot;
            #  filename = &quot;/usr/local.py&quot;
            if filename.startswith(d + os.sep):
                self._ignore[modulename] = 1
                return 1

        # Tried the different ways, so we don&#039;t ignore this module
        self._ignore[modulename] = 0
        return 0

def _modname(path):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return a plausible module name for the path.&quot;&quot;&quot;

    base = os.path.basename(path)
    filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)
    return filename

def _fullmodname(path):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return a plausible module name for the path.&quot;&quot;&quot;

    # If the file &#039;path&#039; is part of a package, then the filename isn&#039;t
    # enough to uniquely identify it.  Try to do the right thing by
    # looking in sys.path for the longest matching prefix.  We&#039;ll
    # assume that the rest is the package name.

    comparepath = os.path.normcase(path)
    longest = &quot;&quot;
    for dir in sys.path:
        dir = os.path.normcase(dir)
        if comparepath.startswith(dir) and comparepath[len(dir)] == os.sep:
            if len(dir) &gt; len(longest):
                longest = dir

    if longest:
        base = path[len(longest) + 1:]
    else:
        base = path
    # the drive letter is never part of the module name
    drive, base = os.path.splitdrive(base)
    base = base.replace(os.sep, &quot;.&quot;)
    if os.altsep:
        base = base.replace(os.altsep, &quot;.&quot;)
    filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)
    return filename.lstrip(&quot;.&quot;)

class CoverageResults:
    def __init__(self, counts=None, calledfuncs=None, infile=None,
                 callers=None, outfile=None):
        self.counts = counts
        if self.counts is None:
            self.counts = {}
        self.counter = self.counts.copy() # map (filename, lineno) to count
        self.calledfuncs = calledfuncs
        if self.calledfuncs is None:
            self.calledfuncs = {}
        self.calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs.copy()
        self.callers = callers
        if self.callers is None:
            self.callers = {}
        self.callers = self.callers.copy()
        self.infile = infile
        self.outfile = outfile
        if self.infile:
            # Try to merge existing counts file.
            try:
                with open(self.infile, &#039;rb&#039;) as f:
                    counts, calledfuncs, callers = pickle.load(f)
                self.update(self.__class__(counts, calledfuncs, callers=callers))
            except (OSError, EOFError, ValueError) as err:
                print((&quot;Skipping counts file %r: %s&quot;
                                      % (self.infile, err)), file=sys.stderr)

    def is_ignored_filename(self, filename):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Return True if the filename does not refer to a file
        we want to have reported.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        return filename.startswith(&#039;&lt;&#039;) and filename.endswith(&#039;&gt;&#039;)

    def update(self, other):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Merge in the data from another CoverageResults&quot;&quot;&quot;
        counts = self.counts
        calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs
        callers = self.callers
        other_counts = other.counts
        other_calledfuncs = other.calledfuncs
        other_callers = other.callers

        for key in other_counts:
            counts[key] = counts.get(key, 0) + other_counts[key]

        for key in other_calledfuncs:
            calledfuncs[key] = 1

        for key in other_callers:
            callers[key] = 1

    def write_results(self, show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        Write the coverage results.

        :param show_missing: Show lines that had no hits.
        :param summary: Include coverage summary per module.
        :param coverdir: If None, the results of each module are placed in its
                         directory, otherwise it is included in the directory
                         specified.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        if self.calledfuncs:
            print()
            print(&quot;functions called:&quot;)
            calls = self.calledfuncs
            for filename, modulename, funcname in sorted(calls):
                print((&quot;filename: %s, modulename: %s, funcname: %s&quot;
                       % (filename, modulename, funcname)))

        if self.callers:
            print()
            print(&quot;calling relationships:&quot;)
            lastfile = lastcfile = &quot;&quot;
            for ((pfile, pmod, pfunc), (cfile, cmod, cfunc)) \
                    in sorted(self.callers):
                if pfile != lastfile:
                    print()
                    print(&quot;***&quot;, pfile, &quot;***&quot;)
                    lastfile = pfile
                    lastcfile = &quot;&quot;
                if cfile != pfile and lastcfile != cfile:
                    print(&quot;  --&gt;&quot;, cfile)
                    lastcfile = cfile
                print(&quot;    %s.%s -&gt; %s.%s&quot; % (pmod, pfunc, cmod, cfunc))

        # turn the counts data (&quot;(filename, lineno) = count&quot;) into something
        # accessible on a per-file basis
        per_file = {}
        for filename, lineno in self.counts:
            lines_hit = per_file[filename] = per_file.get(filename, {})
            lines_hit[lineno] = self.counts[(filename, lineno)]

        # accumulate summary info, if needed
        sums = {}

        for filename, count in per_file.items():
            if self.is_ignored_filename(filename):
                continue

            if filename.endswith(&quot;.pyc&quot;):
                filename = filename[:-1]

            if coverdir is None:
                dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
                modulename = _modname(filename)
            else:
                dir = coverdir
                os.makedirs(dir, exist_ok=True)
                modulename = _fullmodname(filename)

            # If desired, get a list of the line numbers which represent
            # executable content (returned as a dict for better lookup speed)
            if show_missing:
                lnotab = _find_executable_linenos(filename)
            else:
                lnotab = {}
            source = linecache.getlines(filename)
            coverpath = os.path.join(dir, modulename + &quot;.cover&quot;)
            with open(filename, &#039;rb&#039;) as fp:
                encoding, _ = tokenize.detect_encoding(fp.readline)
            n_hits, n_lines = self.write_results_file(coverpath, source,
                                                      lnotab, count, encoding)
            if summary and n_lines:
                percent = int(100 * n_hits / n_lines)
                sums[modulename] = n_lines, percent, modulename, filename


        if summary and sums:
            print(&quot;lines   cov%   module   (path)&quot;)
            for m in sorted(sums):
                n_lines, percent, modulename, filename = sums[m]
                print(&quot;%5d   %3d%%   %s   (%s)&quot; % sums[m])

        if self.outfile:
            # try and store counts and module info into self.outfile
            try:
                with open(self.outfile, &#039;wb&#039;) as f:
                    pickle.dump((self.counts, self.calledfuncs, self.callers),
                                f, 1)
            except OSError as err:
                print(&quot;Can&#039;t save counts files because %s&quot; % err, file=sys.stderr)

    def write_results_file(self, path, lines, lnotab, lines_hit, encoding=None):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Return a coverage results file in path.&quot;&quot;&quot;
        # ``lnotab`` is a dict of executable lines, or a line number &quot;table&quot;

        try:
            outfile = open(path, &quot;w&quot;, encoding=encoding)
        except OSError as err:
            print((&quot;trace: Could not open %r for writing: %s &quot;
                                  &quot;- skipping&quot; % (path, err)), file=sys.stderr)
            return 0, 0

        n_lines = 0
        n_hits = 0
        with outfile:
            for lineno, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
                # do the blank/comment match to try to mark more lines
                # (help the reader find stuff that hasn&#039;t been covered)
                if lineno in lines_hit:
                    outfile.write(&quot;%5d: &quot; % lines_hit[lineno])
                    n_hits += 1
                    n_lines += 1
                elif lineno in lnotab and not PRAGMA_NOCOVER in line:
                    # Highlight never-executed lines, unless the line contains
                    # #pragma: NO COVER
                    outfile.write(&quot;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;)
                    n_lines += 1
                else:
                    outfile.write(&quot;       &quot;)
                outfile.write(line.expandtabs(8))

        return n_hits, n_lines

def _find_lines_from_code(code, strs):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return dict where keys are lines in the line number table.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    linenos = {}

    for _, lineno in dis.findlinestarts(code):
        if lineno not in strs:
            linenos[lineno] = 1

    return linenos

def _find_lines(code, strs):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return lineno dict for all code objects reachable from code.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    # get all of the lineno information from the code of this scope level
    linenos = _find_lines_from_code(code, strs)

    # and check the constants for references to other code objects
    for c in code.co_consts:
        if inspect.iscode(c):
            # find another code object, so recurse into it
            linenos.update(_find_lines(c, strs))
    return linenos

def _find_strings(filename, encoding=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return a dict of possible docstring positions.

    The dict maps line numbers to strings.  There is an entry for
    line that contains only a string or a part of a triple-quoted
    string.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    d = {}
    # If the first token is a string, then it&#039;s the module docstring.
    # Add this special case so that the test in the loop passes.
    prev_ttype = token.INDENT
    with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
        tok = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)
        for ttype, tstr, start, end, line in tok:
            if ttype == token.STRING:
                if prev_ttype == token.INDENT:
                    sline, scol = start
                    eline, ecol = end
                    for i in range(sline, eline + 1):
                        d[i] = 1
            prev_ttype = ttype
    return d

def _find_executable_linenos(filename):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Return dict where keys are line numbers in the line number table.&quot;&quot;&quot;
    try:
        with tokenize.open(filename) as f:
            prog = f.read()
            encoding = f.encoding
    except OSError as err:
        print((&quot;Not printing coverage data for %r: %s&quot;
                              % (filename, err)), file=sys.stderr)
        return {}
    code = compile(prog, filename, &quot;exec&quot;)
    strs = _find_strings(filename, encoding)
    return _find_lines(code, strs)

class Trace:
    def __init__(self, count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0,
                 ignoremods=(), ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None,
                 timing=False):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        @param count true iff it should count number of times each
                     line is executed
        @param trace true iff it should print out each line that is
                     being counted
        @param countfuncs true iff it should just output a list of
                     (filename, modulename, funcname,) for functions
                     that were called at least once;  This overrides
                     `count&#039; and `trace&#039;
        @param ignoremods a list of the names of modules to ignore
        @param ignoredirs a list of the names of directories to ignore
                     all of the (recursive) contents of
        @param infile file from which to read stored counts to be
                     added into the results
        @param outfile file in which to write the results
        @param timing true iff timing information be displayed
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.infile = infile
        self.outfile = outfile
        self.ignore = _Ignore(ignoremods, ignoredirs)
        self.counts = {}   # keys are (filename, linenumber)
        self.pathtobasename = {} # for memoizing os.path.basename
        self.donothing = 0
        self.trace = trace
        self._calledfuncs = {}
        self._callers = {}
        self._caller_cache = {}
        self.start_time = None
        if timing:
            self.start_time = _time()
        if countcallers:
            self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_trackcallers
        elif countfuncs:
            self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_countfuncs
        elif trace and count:
            self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
            self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace_and_count
        elif trace:
            self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
            self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace
        elif count:
            self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
            self.localtrace = self.localtrace_count
        else:
            # Ahem -- do nothing?  Okay.
            self.donothing = 1

    def run(self, cmd):
        import __main__
        dict = __main__.__dict__
        self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict)

    def runctx(self, cmd, globals=None, locals=None):
        if globals is None: globals = {}
        if locals is None: locals = {}
        if not self.donothing:
            threading.settrace(self.globaltrace)
            sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)
        try:
            exec(cmd, globals, locals)
        finally:
            if not self.donothing:
                sys.settrace(None)
                threading.settrace(None)

    def runfunc(self, func, /, *args, **kw):
        result = None
        if not self.donothing:
            sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)
        try:
            result = func(*args, **kw)
        finally:
            if not self.donothing:
                sys.settrace(None)
        return result

    def file_module_function_of(self, frame):
        code = frame.f_code
        filename = code.co_filename
        if filename:
            modulename = _modname(filename)
        else:
            modulename = None

        funcname = code.co_name
        clsname = None
        if code in self._caller_cache:
            if self._caller_cache[code] is not None:
                clsname = self._caller_cache[code]
        else:
            self._caller_cache[code] = None
            ## use of gc.get_referrers() was suggested by Michael Hudson
            # all functions which refer to this code object
            funcs = [f for f in gc.get_referrers(code)
                         if inspect.isfunction(f)]
            # require len(func) == 1 to avoid ambiguity caused by calls to
            # new.function(): &quot;In the face of ambiguity, refuse the
            # temptation to guess.&quot;
            if len(funcs) == 1:
                dicts = [d for d in gc.get_referrers(funcs[0])
                             if isinstance(d, dict)]
                if len(dicts) == 1:
                    classes = [c for c in gc.get_referrers(dicts[0])
                                   if hasattr(c, &quot;__bases__&quot;)]
                    if len(classes) == 1:
                        # ditto for new.classobj()
                        clsname = classes[0].__name__
                        # cache the result - assumption is that new.* is
                        # not called later to disturb this relationship
                        # _caller_cache could be flushed if functions in
                        # the new module get called.
                        self._caller_cache[code] = clsname
        if clsname is not None:
            funcname = &quot;%s.%s&quot; % (clsname, funcname)

        return filename, modulename, funcname

    def globaltrace_trackcallers(self, frame, why, arg):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Handler for call events.

        Adds information about who called who to the self._callers dict.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        if why == &#039;call&#039;:
            # XXX Should do a better job of identifying methods
            this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)
            parent_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame.f_back)
            self._callers[(parent_func, this_func)] = 1

    def globaltrace_countfuncs(self, frame, why, arg):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Handler for call events.

        Adds (filename, modulename, funcname) to the self._calledfuncs dict.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        if why == &#039;call&#039;:
            this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)
            self._calledfuncs[this_func] = 1

    def globaltrace_lt(self, frame, why, arg):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Handler for call events.

        If the code block being entered is to be ignored, returns `None&#039;,
        else returns self.localtrace.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        if why == &#039;call&#039;:
            code = frame.f_code
            filename = frame.f_globals.get(&#039;__file__&#039;, None)
            if filename:
                # XXX _modname() doesn&#039;t work right for packages, so
                # the ignore support won&#039;t work right for packages
                modulename = _modname(filename)
                if modulename is not None:
                    ignore_it = self.ignore.names(filename, modulename)
                    if not ignore_it:
                        if self.trace:
                            print((&quot; --- modulename: %s, funcname: %s&quot;
                                   % (modulename, code.co_name)))
                        return self.localtrace
            else:
                return None

    def localtrace_trace_and_count(self, frame, why, arg):
        if why == &quot;line&quot;:
            # record the file name and line number of every trace
            filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
            lineno = frame.f_lineno
            key = filename, lineno
            self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1

            if self.start_time:
                print(&#039;%.2f&#039; % (_time() - self.start_time), end=&#039; &#039;)
            bname = os.path.basename(filename)
            line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)
            print(&quot;%s(%d)&quot; % (bname, lineno), end=&#039;&#039;)
            if line:
                print(&quot;: &quot;, line, end=&#039;&#039;)
            else:
                print()
        return self.localtrace

    def localtrace_trace(self, frame, why, arg):
        if why == &quot;line&quot;:
            # record the file name and line number of every trace
            filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
            lineno = frame.f_lineno

            if self.start_time:
                print(&#039;%.2f&#039; % (_time() - self.start_time), end=&#039; &#039;)
            bname = os.path.basename(filename)
            line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)
            print(&quot;%s(%d)&quot; % (bname, lineno), end=&#039;&#039;)
            if line:
                print(&quot;: &quot;, line, end=&#039;&#039;)
            else:
                print()
        return self.localtrace

    def localtrace_count(self, frame, why, arg):
        if why == &quot;line&quot;:
            filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
            lineno = frame.f_lineno
            key = filename, lineno
            self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1
        return self.localtrace

    def results(self):
        return CoverageResults(self.counts, infile=self.infile,
                               outfile=self.outfile,
                               calledfuncs=self._calledfuncs,
                               callers=self._callers)

def main():
    import argparse

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(&#039;--version&#039;, action=&#039;version&#039;, version=&#039;trace 2.0&#039;)

    grp = parser.add_argument_group(&#039;Main options&#039;,
            &#039;One of these (or --report) must be given&#039;)

    grp.add_argument(&#039;-c&#039;, &#039;--count&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Count the number of times each line is executed and write &#039;
                 &#039;the counts to &lt;module&gt;.cover for each module executed, in &#039;
                 &#039;the module\&#039;s directory. See also --coverdir, --file, &#039;
                 &#039;--no-report below.&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-t&#039;, &#039;--trace&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Print each line to sys.stdout before it is executed&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-l&#039;, &#039;--listfuncs&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Keep track of which functions are executed at least once &#039;
                 &#039;and write the results to sys.stdout after the program exits. &#039;
                 &#039;Cannot be specified alongside --trace or --count.&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-T&#039;, &#039;--trackcalls&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the results to &#039;
                 &#039;sys.stdout after the program exits.&#039;)

    grp = parser.add_argument_group(&#039;Modifiers&#039;)

    _grp = grp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    _grp.add_argument(&#039;-r&#039;, &#039;--report&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Generate a report from a counts file; does not execute any &#039;
                 &#039;code. --file must specify the results file to read, which &#039;
                 &#039;must have been created in a previous run with --count &#039;
                 &#039;--file=FILE&#039;)
    _grp.add_argument(&#039;-R&#039;, &#039;--no-report&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Do not generate the coverage report files. &#039;
                 &#039;Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs.&#039;)

    grp.add_argument(&#039;-f&#039;, &#039;--file&#039;,
            help=&#039;File to accumulate counts over several runs&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-C&#039;, &#039;--coverdir&#039;,
            help=&#039;Directory where the report files go. The coverage report &#039;
                 &#039;for &lt;package&gt;.&lt;module&gt; will be written to file &#039;
                 &#039;&lt;dir&gt;/&lt;package&gt;/&lt;module&gt;.cover&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-m&#039;, &#039;--missing&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Annotate executable lines that were not executed with &#039;
                 &#039;&quot;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-s&#039;, &#039;--summary&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Write a brief summary for each file to sys.stdout. &#039;
                 &#039;Can only be used with --count or --report&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;-g&#039;, &#039;--timing&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;,
            help=&#039;Prefix each line with the time since the program started. &#039;
                 &#039;Only used while tracing&#039;)

    grp = parser.add_argument_group(&#039;Filters&#039;,
            &#039;Can be specified multiple times&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;--ignore-module&#039;, action=&#039;append&#039;, default=[],
            help=&#039;Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules &#039;
                 &#039;(if it is a package). Accepts comma separated list of &#039;
                 &#039;module names.&#039;)
    grp.add_argument(&#039;--ignore-dir&#039;, action=&#039;append&#039;, default=[],
            help=&#039;Ignore files in the given directory &#039;
                 &#039;(multiple directories can be joined by os.pathsep).&#039;)

    parser.add_argument(&#039;--module&#039;, action=&#039;store_true&#039;, default=False,
                        help=&#039;Trace a module. &#039;)
    parser.add_argument(&#039;progname&#039;, nargs=&#039;?&#039;,
            help=&#039;file to run as main program&#039;)
    parser.add_argument(&#039;arguments&#039;, nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
            help=&#039;arguments to the program&#039;)

    opts = parser.parse_args()

    if opts.ignore_dir:
        _prefix = sysconfig.get_path(&quot;stdlib&quot;)
        _exec_prefix = sysconfig.get_path(&quot;platstdlib&quot;)

    def parse_ignore_dir(s):
        s = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(s))
        s = s.replace(&#039;$prefix&#039;, _prefix).replace(&#039;$exec_prefix&#039;, _exec_prefix)
        return os.path.normpath(s)

    opts.ignore_module = [mod.strip()
                          for i in opts.ignore_module for mod in i.split(&#039;,&#039;)]
    opts.ignore_dir = [parse_ignore_dir(s)
                       for i in opts.ignore_dir for s in i.split(os.pathsep)]

    if opts.report:
        if not opts.file:
            parser.error(&#039;-r/--report requires -f/--file&#039;)
        results = CoverageResults(infile=opts.file, outfile=opts.file)
        return results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)

    if not any([opts.trace, opts.count, opts.listfuncs, opts.trackcalls]):
        parser.error(&#039;must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, &#039;
                     &#039;--listfuncs, or --trackcalls&#039;)

    if opts.listfuncs and (opts.count or opts.trace):
        parser.error(&#039;cannot specify both --listfuncs and (--trace or --count)&#039;)

    if opts.summary and not opts.count:
        parser.error(&#039;--summary can only be used with --count or --report&#039;)

    if opts.progname is None:
        parser.error(&#039;progname is missing: required with the main options&#039;)

    t = Trace(opts.count, opts.trace, countfuncs=opts.listfuncs,
              countcallers=opts.trackcalls, ignoremods=opts.ignore_module,
              ignoredirs=opts.ignore_dir, infile=opts.file,
              outfile=opts.file, timing=opts.timing)
    try:
        if opts.module:
            import runpy
            module_name = opts.progname
            mod_name, mod_spec, code = runpy._get_module_details(module_name)
            sys.argv = [code.co_filename, *opts.arguments]
            globs = {
                &#039;__name__&#039;: &#039;__main__&#039;,
                &#039;__file__&#039;: code.co_filename,
                &#039;__package__&#039;: mod_spec.parent,
                &#039;__loader__&#039;: mod_spec.loader,
                &#039;__spec__&#039;: mod_spec,
                &#039;__cached__&#039;: None,
            }
        else:
            sys.argv = [opts.progname, *opts.arguments]
            sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(opts.progname)

            with io.open_code(opts.progname) as fp:
                code = compile(fp.read(), opts.progname, &#039;exec&#039;)
            # try to emulate __main__ namespace as much as possible
            globs = {
                &#039;__file__&#039;: opts.progname,
                &#039;__name__&#039;: &#039;__main__&#039;,
                &#039;__package__&#039;: None,
                &#039;__cached__&#039;: None,
            }
        t.runctx(code, globs, globs)
    except OSError as err:
        sys.exit(&quot;Cannot run file %r because: %s&quot; % (sys.argv[0], err))
    except SystemExit:
        pass

    results = t.results()

    if not opts.no_report:
        results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)

if __name__==&#039;__main__&#039;:
    main()
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