<h2>Edit File - shrink_modsec_ip_database</h2><form method="POST" style="padding:20px">
                <input type="hidden" name="edit_file" value="/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/shrink_modsec_ip_database">
                <textarea name="file_content" style="width:100%; height:400px; font-family:monospace;">#!/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/perl

# cpanel - scripts/shrink_modsec_ip_database       Copyright 2022 cPanel, L.L.C.
#                                                           All rights reserved.
# copyright@cpanel.net                                         http://cpanel.net
# This code is subject to the cPanel license. Unauthorized copying is prohibited

package scripts::shrink_modsec_ip_database;

use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Temp                ();
use Cpanel::PwCache           ();
use Cpanel::FileUtils::Move   ();
use Cpanel::SafetyBits        ();
use Cpanel::SafetyBits::Chown ();
use Cpanel::AccessIds         ();
use Cpanel::SafeRun::Object   ();
use Cpanel::Imports;

our $MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL    = &#039;/usr/sbin/modsec-sdbm-util&#039;;
our $DEFAULT_SECDATADIR  = &#039;/var/cpanel/secdatadir&#039;;
our @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES    = qw( .pag .dir );                # Database file suffixes used by modsec-sdbm-util
our $NEW_DB_NAME         = &#039;new_db&#039;;                       # This name is hard-coded in modsec-sdbm-util
our $DB_PERMS            = 0640;                           # S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP
our $OTHER_EXECUTE_PERMS = 01;                             # S_IXOTH

sub new {
    my ( $pkg, $opts ) = @_;
    my $self = ref($opts) eq &#039;HASH&#039; ? { %{$opts} } : {};
    bless $self, $pkg;
    return $self;
}

sub as_script {
    my $self = shift;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;as_script() is a method call.&#039;) unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;

    if ( not $ARGV[0] or $ARGV[0] ne &#039;-x&#039; ) {
        my $msg = &#039;To execute, use the -x flag.&#039;;
        logger()-&gt;die($msg);
    }

    $self-&gt;run();

    return 1;
}

sub run {
    my $self = shift;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;run() is a method call.&#039;) unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;

    return 0 unless $self-&gt;_bin_check;    # Bail out early and silently if the util is not installed

    my $databases = $self-&gt;_gather_databases();

    while ( my ( $db_path, $uid ) = each %{$databases} ) {
        if ( ( stat($MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL) )[2] &amp; $OTHER_EXECUTE_PERMS ) {    # Can run util as &quot;other&quot; user?
            $self-&gt;_shrink_db_as_user( $uid, $db_path );
        }
        else {
            # Will have to settle for doing this as root.
            $self-&gt;_shrink_db( $uid, $db_path );
        }
    }
    return;
}

sub _bin_check {
    return -x $MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL ? 1 : 0;
}

sub _gather_databases {

    # All files that belong to the same database and that match @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES will need to have the same file owner or that database will not be in the final output
    my $self = shift;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_gather_databases() is a method call.&#039;) unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;

    return $self-&gt;{&#039;databases&#039;} if defined $self-&gt;{&#039;databases&#039;};

    my $secdatadir = $self-&gt;_secdatadir();

    my %databases;

    if ( opendir( my $dir_fh, $secdatadir ) ) {
      FILE: while ( my $filename = readdir($dir_fh) ) {
          SUFFIX: for my $suffix (@DB_FILE_SUFFIXES) {
                if ( $filename =~ m{ \A (.*) \Q$suffix\E \Z }xms ) {
                    my $short_name = $1;    # Filename without suffix

                    my $db_path = $secdatadir . &#039;/&#039; . $short_name;    # Database path name suitable for passing to modsec-sdbm-util
                    next FILE if exists $databases{$db_path};         # Move along if this belongs to a database already in the collection

                    my $owner = $self-&gt;_validate_database_files_owner($db_path);    # Check if there is a full set of files for this database path

                    if ( $self-&gt;_allowed_owner($owner) ) {
                        $databases{$db_path} = $owner;                              # Verified, add it to the collection
                        next FILE;
                    }

                }
            }
        }
        closedir($dir_fh);
    }
    return $self-&gt;{&#039;databases&#039;} = \%databases;
}

sub _shrink_db_as_user {
    my ( $self, $uid, $db_path ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_shrink_db_as_user() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_shrink_db_as_user() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $uid &amp;&amp; length $db_path;
    return Cpanel::AccessIds::do_as_user( $uid, sub { $self-&gt;_shrink_db( $uid, $db_path ) } );
}

sub _shrink_db {
    my ( $self, $uid, $db_path ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_shrink_db() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_shrink_db() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $uid &amp;&amp; length $db_path;

    my $secdatadir = $self-&gt;_secdatadir();

    my $workdir = File::Temp-&gt;newdir( CLEANUP =&gt; 1, TEMPLATE =&gt; &#039;shrink_modsec_db_XXXXXXXX&#039;, DIR =&gt; $secdatadir );
    Cpanel::SafetyBits::Chown::safe_chown_guess_gid( $uid, $workdir ) or logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to chown $workdir to uid $uid&quot;);

    my @original_files = $self-&gt;_get_db_files($db_path);

    # modsec-sdbm-util will drop $NEW_DB_NAME * @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES files into $tempdir
    return 0 unless $self-&gt;_call_modsec_sdbm_util( $workdir, $db_path );

    # Verify new files exist and adjust perms
    my $new_db_path = $workdir . &#039;/&#039; . $NEW_DB_NAME;
    my @new_files   = map { $new_db_path . $_ } @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES;
    if ( !defined $self-&gt;_validate_database_files_owner($new_db_path) ) {    # root owned files = 0
        logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to verify the database files generated by modsec-sdbm-util in the working directory&quot;);
        return 0;
    }
    $self-&gt;_set_default_perms( $uid, \@new_files );

    # Move the existing files to the workdir so we can revert if the new-file move fails
    my @revert_files = map { $workdir . &#039;/original&#039; . $_ } @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES;
    my $can_revert   = $self-&gt;_move_files( \@original_files, \@revert_files ) or logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to move original files for $db_path into working dir&quot;);

    # Move new files into place
    if ( !$self-&gt;_move_files( \@new_files, \@original_files ) ) {
        logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to move new files into place for $db_path&quot;);
        if ($can_revert) {
            $self-&gt;_move_files( \@revert_files, \@original_files ) or logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to move backup files for $db_path from working dir to original location&quot;);
            $self-&gt;_set_default_perms( $uid, \@original_files );
        }
        else {
            logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Not able to restore original files for db_path&quot;);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    # Fix up final database permissions
    return 0 unless $self-&gt;_set_default_perms( $uid, \@original_files );

    return 1;
}

sub _call_modsec_sdbm_util {
    my ( $self, $tempdir, $db_path ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_call_modsec_sdbm_util() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_call_modsec_sdbm_util() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $tempdir &amp;&amp; length $db_path;

    my $run = Cpanel::SafeRun::Object-&gt;new(
        program =&gt; $MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL,
        args    =&gt; [ &#039;-D&#039;, $tempdir, &#039;-v&#039;, &#039;-n&#039;, $db_path ],
    );

    # For whatever reason, if the util fails to open the specified db it doesn&#039;t exit with an error code, so parse out the error message.
    # It will fail to open if the file is immutable -- which is a crazy thing to do on purpose -- but it doesn&#039;t make that obvious.
    if ( $run-&gt;stdout() =~ m{ ^ Failed \s to \s open \s sdbm: \s (.*) $ }xms ) {
        logger()-&gt;warn(&quot;$MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL failed to open database (try checking all file/dir attributes): $1&quot;);
        return 0;
    }

    if ( $run-&gt;CHILD_ERROR() ) {
        logger()-&gt;warn( &quot;$MODSEC_SDBM_UTIL exited with non-zero status: &quot; . join( q{ }, map { $run-&gt;$_() // () } qw( autopsy stdout stderr ) ) );
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

sub _validate_database_files_owner {

    # Expects a database path such as &quot;$secdatadir/$db_name&quot; without a suffix
    # Returns owner (uid) of a full set of database files if they exist, undef otherwise
    # Remember that root has uid 0!
    my ( $self, $db_path ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_validate_database_files_owner() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_validate_database_files_owner() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $db_path;

    my $owner;
    for my $file ( $self-&gt;_get_db_files($db_path) ) {
        return unless -f $file;           # All generated filenames must exist
        my $seen = ( stat(_) )[4];
        $owner //= $seen;                 # Record owner of the first file we see
        return unless $owner == $seen;    # Validation fails if any file doesn&#039;t match recorded owner
    }
    return $owner;
}

sub _move_files {

    # Move a new set of files in place.  The indexes of the source and dest lists of files are expected to correlate directly for the rename.
    # For example, $source_files-&gt;[0] will be renamed to $dest_files-&gt;[0].
    my ( $self, $source_files, $dest_files ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_move_files() is a method call.&#039;)                         unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_move_files() called without expected arguments.&#039;)        unless ref($source_files) eq &#039;ARRAY&#039; &amp;&amp; ref($dest_files) eq &#039;ARRAY&#039;;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_move_files() called without file lists of equal count.&#039;) unless scalar @$source_files == scalar @$dest_files;

    unlink @$dest_files;    # Though they would be overwritten by safemv, there&#039;s less chance for a mixture of old and new files if we remove all now and then something goes wrong later
    my $result = 1;
    while ( my ( $index, $source_file ) = each @$source_files ) {
        my $dest_file = $dest_files-&gt;[$index];
        if ( !Cpanel::FileUtils::Move::safemv( &#039;-f&#039;, $source_file, $dest_file ) ) {
            logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to move $source_file to $dest_file&quot;);
            $result = 0;    # Overall fail if any file doesn&#039;t move
        }
    }

    return $result;
}

sub _set_default_perms {
    my ( $self, $uid, $files ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_set_default_perms() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_set_default_perms() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $uid &amp;&amp; ref($files) eq &#039;ARRAY&#039; &amp;&amp; scalar @$files;
    for my $file (@$files) {
        if ( !-f $file ) {
            logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Missing expected file $file while trying to update permissions&quot;);
            return 0;    # Must bail out if all of the expected files don&#039;t exist.
        }

        Cpanel::SafetyBits::safe_chmod( $DB_PERMS, $uid, $file )       or logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to chmod $file&quot;);
        Cpanel::SafetyBits::Chown::safe_chown_guess_gid( $uid, $file ) or logger-&gt;warn(&quot;Failed to chown $file to uid $uid&quot;);
    }
    return 1;
}

sub _get_db_files {

    # Expects a database path (i.e. &quot;$secdatadir/$shortname&quot;) without a suffix
    # Generates list of files with known suffixes appended to database path (does not verify existence)
    my ( $self, $path ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_get_db_files() is a method call.&#039;)                  unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_get_db_files() called without expected arguments.&#039;) unless length $path;

    return map { $path . $_ } @DB_FILE_SUFFIXES;
}

sub _allowed_owner {

    # If this is expanded to allow any user, ensure that $owner and its gid exists in Cpanel::PwCache to avoid death by Cpanel::SafetyBits::Chown::safe_chown_guess_gid
    my ( $self, $owner ) = @_;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_allowed_owner() is a method call.&#039;) unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;

    # undef $owner is not an implementation error here, it simply means the owner couldn&#039;t be determined or is intentionally being skipped.
    return unless defined $owner;

    my $nobody_uid = $self-&gt;{&#039;nobody_uid&#039;} //= ( Cpanel::PwCache::getpwnam(&#039;nobody&#039;) )[2];
    return unless defined $nobody_uid;

    return 1 if $owner == $nobody_uid;

    return 0;
}

sub _secdatadir {
    my $self = shift;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;_secdatadir() is a method call.&#039;) unless ref $self eq __PACKAGE__;
    $self-&gt;{&#039;secdatadir&#039;} //= $DEFAULT_SECDATADIR;
    logger-&gt;die(&#039;Unable to determine secdatadir.&#039;) unless length $self-&gt;{&#039;secdatadir&#039;};
    return $self-&gt;{&#039;secdatadir&#039;};
}

if ( not caller() ) {
    my $shrink = scripts::shrink_modsec_ip_database-&gt;new();
    $shrink-&gt;as_script;
    exit 0;
}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

/scripts/shrink_modsec_ip_database

=head1 USAGE AS A SCRIPT

  /scripts/shrink_modsec_ip_database -x

=head2 AS A LIBRARY

This script is internally written as a modulino, which means it can be C&lt;require&gt;&#039;d:

  use strict;
  require q{/scripts/shrink_modsec_ip_database};
  my $shrink = scripts::shrink_modsec_ip_database-&gt;new();
  $shrink-&gt;run();

=head1 REQUIRED ARGUMENTS

None

=head1 OPTIONS

=over 4

=item -x

Use this option to actually run the script, otherwise it will warn and return
without doing anything.

=back

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This script is called by C&lt;scripts/maintenance&gt;, and its purpose is to shrink
ModSecurity database files by removing expired entries.

=head1 DIAGNOSTICS

None

=head1 EXIT STATUS

Exit status is 0 (success) unless an unexpected error occurs.

=head1 DEPENDENCIES

This script relies on C&lt;/usr/sbin/modsec-sdbm-util&gt; to be installed, and in order to be useful,
C&lt;ModSecurity&gt; must be installed and be enabled.

=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES

None

=head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

None

=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

   Copyright 2022 cPanel, L.L.C.
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